![]() ![]() The other types are tactical and strategic Medevac. From the site of wounding, patients were taken by any means possible to the helicopter landing site, from which they were usually taken directly by helicopter to a hospital. In the Vietnam War, almost all (over 90%) of medical evacuation was undertaken by air. Survival is dependent on early identification of the victim, the provision of life-saving care at the scene, and rapid transport of the victim to a hospital for stabilisation. The mortality rate of patients evacuated from the battlefield to a medical facility was reduced from 8.1% in World War I to 2.5% in Vietnam, and the casualty fatality rate of 27% in World War II was reduced to 17% in Vietnam. The experience of American military forces over the last century illustrates the efficacy of early rescue and rapid transport of the patient to a facility for stabilisation. Casevac, according to the UN medical SOP, involves the evacuation of victims from the point of injury, or a casualty collection point, to a medical facility we usually use helicopters for this and employ the term Air Casevac. Our Indonesian Air Force SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) defines AirMedEvac/AME as the transfer of patients from a particular medical facility to a higher-level medical facility by means of air transportation in the presence of medical attendants. There are land Medevac, sea Medevac and air Medevac (AME) (or Pengungsian Medik Udara (PMU)). The term Medevac is usually used for the evacuation of patients from lower to higher level medical facilities. This ensures the rapid transport of seriously injured persons, particularly trauma patients, from the scene of the accident to the hospital. The term AirMedEvac or AME is commonly applied when a fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter is used as an ambulance (sometimes called an "air ambulance") that can supply medical care en route. Casevac is heavily utilised by the US Marine Corps and manned by US Navy Hospital Corpsman its helicopters are combat aircraft and will, as needed, land in 'hot zones', whereas Medevac helicopters do not due to the risk of exposure to hostile fire. ![]() Medevac, on the other hand, involves limited or no en route care and medical equipment. In this context, Casevac refers to the moving of a patient either from the point of injury or a casualty collection point to a medical facility or between the different levels of care with en route medical care. In modern American military terminology, Medevac is often differentiated from Casualty Evacuation (Casevac). Medical evacuation, often termed MEDEVAC or Medevac, involves the timely and efficient movement of casualties and the provision of en route medical care to the wounded being evacuated to receiving medical facilities using medically equipped ground vehicles (ambulances) or aircraft (air ambulances). From the “flying ambulances” of Napoleonic times to modern jet aircraft with flying intensive care wards, a major part of our experience with the transport of patients over the years derives from military medical care. The transport of seriously ill or injured patients to medical facilities was pioneered and to a large extent perfected by military forces. One of the best ways to effect rapid and relatively safe evacuation is to use air transportation, also known as aeromedical evacuation (AME). Casualties need to be immediately evacuated to a higher-level hospital in the rear. Casualties are entitled to the best quality of treatment however, care facilities on the front lines are generally very limited. It is clear that victims and casualties are unavoidable during warfare or even low level conflicts. ![]()
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